To produce audible tones, astronomers multiplied the oscillation frequencies of the stars by 3 million times. Listen to the rhythms of three red giants in the constellation Draco, as determined by brightness measurements from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Red_giant_sonification_still_web.png (320x180) Red_giant_sonification_still_searchweb.png (320x180) Red_giant_sonification_still_print.jpg (1024x576) Red_giant_sonification_still.jpg (1920x1080) Red_giant_sonification_prores.mov (1920x1080) Using TESS data for some 24 million stars, a team of astronomers led by Marc Hon at the University of Hawaii developed an AI system to identify 158,505 pulsating giants across the sky. Studying them can help determine fundamental properties for large numbers of stars with accuracies not achievable in any other way. Similarly, the stellar oscillations astronomers observe depend on each star’s interior structure, mass, and size. The physical differences between a cello and a violin produce their distinctive voices. Giant stars with masses similar to the Sun’s pulsate much more slowly, and the corresponding brightness changes can be hundreds of times greater. For the Sun, these variations amount to a few parts per million. Their interaction drives stable oscillations with periods of a few minutes that produce subtle brightness changes. This motion produces waves of changing pressure – sound waves. Just below the surfaces of stars like the Sun, hot gas rises, cools, and then sinks, where it heats up again, much like a pan of boiling water on a hot stove. This can result in orderly motion called standing waves, which create the tones in musical instruments. Sound waves traveling through any object – a guitar string, an organ pipe, or the interiors of Earth and the Sun – can reflect and interact, reinforcing some waves and canceling out others. Using observations from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), astronomers have identified an unprecedented all-sky collection of pulsating red giant stars that will aid in mapping the structure of our galaxy. The scale shows distances in kiloparsecs, each equal to 3,260 light-years, and extends nearly 20,000 light-years from the Sun.Ĭredit: Kristin Riebe, Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam The view then changes to show the positions of these stars within our galaxy, based on distances determined by ESA’s (the European Space Agency’s) Gaia mission. The colors map to each 24-by-96-degree swath of the sky observed during the mission's first two years. This visualization shows the new sample of oscillating red giant stars (colored dots) discovered by NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Tess_red_giant_visualization_still_thm.png (80x40) Tess_red_giant_visualization_still_searchweb.png (320x180) Tess_red_giant_visualization_still_print.jpg (1024x576) Tess_red_giant_visualization_still.jpg (1920x1080) Tess_red_giant_visualization_LQ.en_US.vtt Tess_red_giant_visualization_LQ.en_US.srt Tess_red_giant_visualization_LQ.webm (1920x1080) Tess_red_giant_visualization_prores.mov (1920x1080)
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